Live Biotherapeutics Drug Discovery Service for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Overview
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with diverse symptoms, such as inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and cognitive impairment. The disease begins in early childhood and has a global prevalence of 5.9%. Currently, the main treatments and interventions for ADHD include medication, cognitive training, and behavioral therapy. In recent years, studies have highlighted the importance of gut microbiota, including probiotics and prebiotics, in the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches.
Pathogenesis
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Neurological Anomalies in ADHD
ADHD is associated with conditions that cause neurological damage, such as lead poisoning, chromosomal abnormalities, neurotransmitter defects, hypoxia at birth, smoking during pregnancy, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Biochemical Anomalies in ADHD
The biochemical cause of ADHD is thought to be related to low levels of catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) and serotonin in certain brain regions.
ADHD and the Gut Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a system that is currently being extensively studied because of the new understanding that the gut microbial environment can influence brain activity and vice versa. Imbalances in microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, result from increases in inflammatory microbes that may impair gut permeability. This in turn leads to microbial translocation, which leads to systemic inflammation. The possible putative mechanisms involved in macrobiotic impact on ADHD symptoms are the metabolic pathway, vagus nerve pathway, and immune pathways.
There is evidence that neurotransmitters involved in ADHD symptoms can be produced by the microbiota. For example (1) Bifidobacterium spp. can produce dopamine, (2) Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Morganella spp., Klebsiella spp., Hafnia spp., and enterochromaffin cells in the gut can produce serotonin. (3) Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Escherichia spp. can produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
The stimulation of the vagal afferent fibers in the gut influences the monoaminergic systems in the brainstem; monoamines are involved in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
Gut metabolites, especially SCFAs, might influence gut-brain communication and brain function directly or indirectly via the immune pathway.
Fig.1 Gut-microbiota in children and adolescents with ADHD.1
Next-generation Probiotic Strains at Creative Biolabs
Creative Biolabs can offer a range of next-generation probiotics for live biotherapeutics research, including but not limited to the following, click on Probiotic Strains to check out more strains you might be interested in.
Our Services for the Following Type/Similar ADHD Research
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Research Article
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Available Services
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A pilot randomized control trial with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in ADHD.2
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References
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Boonchooduang, Nonglak, et al. "Possible links between gut–microbiota and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children and adolescents." European journal of nutrition 59 (2020): 3391-3403.
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Kumperscak, Hojka Gregoric, et al. "A pilot randomized control trial with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in ADHD: Children and adolescents report better health-related quality of life." Frontiers in psychiatry 11 (2020): 181.
For Research Use Only. Not intended for use in food manufacturing or medical procedures (diagnostics or therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.
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