Prophage & Mobile Genetic Element Screening for Live Biotherapeutics

Identify prophage regions and mobile genetic elements in LBP candidate strains using WGS-based analysis. We provide integrity assessment, insertion site analysis, annotation reports, induction risk flags, and genetic stability recommendations to support safer strain development.

Key Outputs at a Glance:

  • Prophage region identification
  • Integrity classification
  • Integration site mapping
  • Mobile element annotation
  • Risk flags and stability recommendations

Who is this service for?

  • Developers of candidate LBPs in the discovery or preclinical stage needing robust genomic baseline data.
  • Research teams performing strain characterization prior to IND-enabling safety studies.
  • Sponsors assessing genomic stability during strain selection or manufacturing process transfer.

Input Materials & Requirements

  • Accepted Input: Raw sequencing reads (Illumina, PacBio, ONT) or assembled genomes (FASTA format).
  • Optional Metadata: Strain ID, expected taxonomy, sequencing platform details, and known plasmid background.
  • Turnaround Options: Standard reporting or expedited timelines available upon consultation.

Development Risks Addressed by Prophage Screening

Understanding the latent genetic elements within your host genome is a proactive measure to secure downstream development and avoid costly setbacks.

Genetic Instability Risk

Embedded Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) and active prophages can cause undesired genomic rearrangements. Tracking these loci helps you establish a baseline for genetic stability across different manufacturing generations.

Strain Performance Impact

Unexpected induction of prophages under fermentation stressors (changes in pH, temperature, or nutrient depletion) can lead to spontaneous cell lysis, drastically impacting yield and causing massive batch failures.

Safety & Documentation Concerns

Regulators increasingly look for documentation regarding potential mobile virulence factors or antibiotic resistance sequences. Early screening provides the necessary safety flags to manage these concerns before advancing.

WGS-Based Screening and Interpretive Services

Creative Biolabs offers targeted bioinformatics analysis utilizing PHASTER and other established tools. We provide clear screening results to inform your strain characterization.

1

Prophage Region Identification

We utilize PHASTER's framework and sequence-matching algorithms to scan and identify prophage regions within the submitted bacterial genomes, locating potential attachment sites, integrases, and structural components.

2

Prophage Integrity Assessment

Detected sequences are classified into intact, questionable, or incomplete categories based on genomic signatures. Intact prophages may present a higher induction potential than incomplete remnants, warranting closer review by your development team.

3

Insertion Site & Genomic Context Analysis

We map the precise integration loci within the host genome, assessing whether these elements interrupt known house-keeping genes or are situated near regulatory regions, providing insight into potential phenotypic impacts.

4

Mobile Genetic Element Annotation

Beyond prophages, we provide screening and annotation of plasmids, insertion sequences, transposon-related regions, and other mobile elements that may warrant further review for strain stability and safety.

Prophage & Mobile Genetic Element Screening Deliverables

Our output package is structured to support your internal documentation and facilitate strain curation decisions.

Deliverable Component Description
Annotated Prophage and MGE Report A detailed document outlining all detected prophage regions and MGEs, including length, GC content, and associated proteins.
Prophage Integrity Classification Summary A straightforward categorization of detected elements into intact, questionable, or incomplete statuses.
Insertion Site / Genomic Context Analysis Mapping of the exact loci where the elements are integrated relative to the host's native genes.
Induction Risk Flags Highlights of intact prophage regions that may possess lytic capabilities under stress conditions.
Genetic Stability Recommendations Interpretive suggestions on how to handle flagged regions during downstream strain development.

WGS-Based Prophage & Mobile Genetic Element Screening Workflow

1

Data Intake & Quality Review

Receiving raw sequence files or assembled contigs and performing initial quality assurance checks.

2

Assembly Assessment

Evaluating provided assemblies or performing de novo assembly generation if required by the project scope.

3

Prophage/MGE Screening

Executing bioinformatics pipelines (including PHASTER) to detect viral signatures and mobile elements.

4

Integrity Interpretation

Classifying the structural completeness of detected regions and verifying insertion sites.

5

Reporting

Delivering the annotated findings alongside interpretive recommendations for stability and safety.

Why Choose Our Prophage & Mobile Genetic Element Screening Service

WGS-Based Analytical Framework

Leveraging Whole Genome Sequencing data ensures high-resolution structural identification over traditional targeted methods.

LBP-Focused Interpretation

We analyze the data specifically through the lens of biotherapeutic product development, focusing on stability and induction risks.

Clear Reporting

Deliverables are designed to be straightforward, separating actionable flags from background genomic data to streamline your review process.

Flexible Support

Whether you need early-stage rapid screening or a customized analysis for a specific strain, the service adapts to your project scope.

Published Data on Prophage Screening Relevance

The importance of rigorous prophage screening is strongly supported by contemporary genomic literature. In a study published in Microorganisms (2021), researchers utilized bioinformatics tools to map prophage landscapes in Listeria monocytogenes lysogens.

The research highlights how computational integrity scoring effectively differentiates between active (intact) prophages and degraded (questionable or incomplete) viral remnants embedded within a bacterial chromosome. Identifying precise integration loci and characterizing the genetic cargo carried within these prophages provides fundamental insight into predicting strain behavior and survival mechanisms.

At Creative Biolabs, we recognize the value of this analytical approach. By offering systematic screening services, we help developers identify similar genetic elements within Live Biotherapeutic candidates, turning uncharacterized genomic data into actionable stability checkpoints.

Intact and questionable prophage loci in the 134LM and 036LM genomes. (Creative Biolabs Authorized)

Fig.1 Locations of the intact prophages (pp) and questionable prophage (qp) detected in 134LM/036LM genomes.1,3

Frequently Asked Questions

You can provide either raw sequencing reads (e.g., FASTQ format from Illumina or long-read platforms) or a pre-assembled genome (FASTA format). If raw reads are provided, our team will perform the necessary quality control and genome assembly prior to the prophage screening. Additional metadata like strain taxonomy is helpful but not mandatory.

Yes. If you already have a high-quality assembled genome from your own bioinformatics pipeline, we can utilize those FASTA files directly as the input for our MGE and prophage screening algorithms, which can streamline the turnaround time.

Yes. Beyond simply identifying the presence of a prophage or MGE, our report maps the specific insertion loci. We note if the element is integrated near known functional host genes, which helps your team evaluate whether the integration might impact phenotypic traits.

Our analysis provides valuable baseline data. By classifying prophages as intact, questionable, or incomplete, we highlight which regions may present a higher induction potential. This information provides your team with specific risk flags that warrant closer monitoring during fermentation optimization and downstream stability testing.

References

  1. Vu, Hue Thi Kim, et al. "Genomic analysis of prophages recovered from Listeria monocytogenes lysogens found in seafood and seafood-related environment." Microorganisms 9.7 (2021): 1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071354
  2. Arndt, David, et al. "PHAST, PHASTER and PHASTEST: tools for finding prophage in bacterial genomes." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20.4 (2019): 1560-1567. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx121
  3. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.
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