SmartChip System for Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) Assays
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Overview
The propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which encode the ability of bacteria to resist and grow in the presence of antibiotics, has become an emerging public health issue and is considered an environmental pollutant. ARGs can be further spread in bacteria by horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. The traditional qPCR method for the comprehensive analysis of ARGs is time-consuming, low-cost, and cumbersome. High-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) is a relatively rapid, sensitive, and convenient method for the simultaneous detection of a large number of ARGs.
SmartChip System
SmartChip can provide sample customization numbers and comparative analysis formats according to the requirements of experimental design. Most studies used 296 versus 18 and 384 versus 12 Assay-Sample formats. Compared with other microfluidic chips, it has better analytical sensitivity due to its reaction volume greater than 100 nL. It is perhaps due to these features that scientists are preferring the use of SmartChip over others HT-qPCR platforms, especially in the field of antimicrobial resistance. This innovative system, combined with next-generation chemistry and optimized assays, promises to deliver significant speed and cost advantages to researchers in the gene expression and genotyping markets.
Fig.1 Reaction Volume and High throughput capacity of various HT-qPCR platforms used for ARGs analysis. (Waseem, 2019)
HT-qPCR of ARGs With SmartChip System at Creative Biolabs
SmartChip is the most frequently used platform for the analysis and profiling of ARGs. The SmartChip nano will platform can be used for large-scale gene expression studies, which can process 5,184 nano will reactions per run. Each sample-primer combination was tested on the array with three technical replicates. Only one gene detected in the three technical replicates was considered a false positive and deleted. For each SmartChip run, 24 assays with 216 samples were used. Each chip includes primer sets designed and published for two genes, as well as a universal bacterial primer set for the 16S rRNA gene.
Advantages and Disadvantages
HT-qPCR can perform reactions on a nanoliter scale thus consuming only a minute amount of DNA. The development of the HT-qPCR platform has changed the perception of traditional qPCR and its unlimited usefulness. This technique has proven to be very cost-effective, as nano upgrade reactions can save large amounts of consumables and reagents and allow more efficient use of existing samples. HT-qPCR technique also has some disadvantages. For example, HT-qPCR cannot optimize a single assay during a run because all assays will undergo the same qPCR cycle conditions. In addition, the nanoscale reaction makes the amplified products difficult to recover and sequence, whereas conventional PCR is easy to achieve.
Creative Biolabs has unique R&D expertise, delivering quality products and best-in-class client service to leading pharmaceutical, biotech, and contract research institutions and universities around the world in the field of live biotherapeutics. If you would like more details about our ARGs testing services or would like to consult our experts, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
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Waseem, H.; et al. Contributions and challenges of high throughput qPCR for determining antimicrobial resistance in the environment: a critical review. Molecules. 2019, 24(1): 163.
For Research Use Only. Not intended for use in food manufacturing or medical procedures (diagnostics or therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.
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