Mammalian Animal Models for Live Biotherapeutic Products Assessment
Since the early days of gut microbiota research, mouse models have often been used to study microbial-host interactions. Mice are increasingly being used as models to study the effects of diet, disease development, and the effects of microbial therapies. Creative Biolabs is a leading provider of customized solutions dedicated to live biotherapeutics. We are "Live Biotherapeutics Problem Solvers", dedicated to providing first-class research and discovery services for next-generation probiotics.
Gut Microbiota in Animal Model
Mice can be used to assess general mechanisms that influence microbiota composition, and studying the mouse gastrointestinal microbiota as a tractable model to mimic human disease conditions is of great interest. Studies of germ-free mice have helped determine the role of gut microbiota in shaping the gut immune system. Small rodents, including rats and especially mice, are the most widely used preclinical animal models for studying metabolic disorders. As mammals, their physiology is closer to that of humans than non-mammals.
Fig.1 Comparison of the intestinal tract features of humans and mice. 1
Animal Models of Inflammation at Creative Biolabs
A variety of mammalian models have been used to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation. Mice are considered a good animal model because their gut development is relatively similar to that of humans, and they share many of the same immune responses and genes. Other mammals have also been used to investigate intestinal inflammation including rabbits, guinea pigs, and to a lesser degree, ruminants. The above model can be used to determine the mechanism of the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases.
Mice are the most commonly used animal model for intestinal studies, and genetically engineered mice are particularly important for studying intestinal inflammation. A variety of gene knockout models are available to study innate and adaptive immune responses during intestinal infection. To investigate inflammatory responses triggered by microbial components, germ-free and gnotobiotic mice provide an environment where there is no microbial colonization within the intestine, or the intestine is colonized with a relatively small number of defined bacteria.
The rats can be used as a model to study colonic changes associated with intestinal inflammation or tumor. One advantage of rats compared to mice is their relatively large body size and larger intestinal tract. The rat gut is larger, allowing more tissue to be collected and more data to be collected.
Macaques and tamarins are most commonly used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of intestinal diseases. Non-human primates have also been used to study the impact of microbes on the development of gut inflammation and to demonstrate that gut bacteria can influence the onset of disease.
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Reference
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Hugenholtz, Floor, and Willem M. de Vos. "Mouse models for human intestinal microbiota research: a critical evaluation." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 75 (2018): 149-160. Distributed Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.
For Research Use Only. Not intended for use in food manufacturing or medical procedures (diagnostics or therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.
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