Anti-obesity Activity Assays for Next-generation Probiotics
Creative Biolabs has been dedicated to innovation in the research and development of live biotherapeutics. As a leading contract research organization (CRO), we provide comprehensive drug development solutions for next-generation probiotics.
Microbiome-targeted therapies provide novel opportunities to prevent and treat the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome by manipulation of the gut microbiome. Many studies have investigated the anti-obesity effects of probiotics in animal models and humans. The gut microbiota not only enhances lipogenesis but also reduces levels of a fast-induced adipose factor (FIAF), which is the main regulator of metabolism and adiposity. In addition, the gut microbiota inhibited the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important liver and skeletal muscle enzyme that plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and obesity. Obesity is also associated with low-grade inflammation due to the failure of intestinal epithelial membrane receptor proteins that play a sensory role in the gut. A further link between the microbiota and obesity lies in the ability of Firmicutes and Actinomycetes to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). This alteration in fatty acid production is associated with obesity, as CLA has been shown to have multiple anti-obesity effects.
Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics Efficacy in Obesity
The distinct characteristic of obesity is abnormal lipid accumulation in the body. Till now, accumulating evidence has revealed that probiotics are one anti-obesity agent for improving lipid metabolism. Numerous studies have found that probiotics improve lipid metabolism by upregulating genes encoding lipolytic enzymes and downregulating lipogenic genes. Another study also reported that microbial inhibition of AMPK may block mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which resulted in the increased synthesis of triglyceride. Total cell extracts from several probiotics distinctly suppressed lipid accumulation in free fatty acid-treated HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. SCFAs-mediated improvement in adipose tissue metabolism gives rise to reduced lipid overflow and lipid accumulation. SCFAs also directly increase lipid oxidation to improve lipid metabolism.
Fig.1 Possible regulation mechanisms of probiotics in lipid metabolism. (Tang, 2021)
Anti-obesity Activity Assays at Creative Biolabs
In adipocytes, the expression of GLUT4 is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) during the late stages of differentiation. Once cells are transformed into mature adipocytes, GLUT4 plays an important role in metabolic regulation through glucose transport. Thus, lowering GLUT4 reduces adipogenesis in adipocytes. Under basal conditions, PLIN1 is present on the surface of lipid droplets and is specifically expressed in adipocytes and steroid cells.
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In Vitro Assays
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Evaluation of lipid accumulation by Oil Red O staining
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Quantification of adipocyte-specific gene expressions by real-time PCR
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In Vivo Animal Models
Products for Anti-obesity Activity Research at Creative Biolabs
We can customize the production of strain culture supernatant and lyophilized powder containing certain CFU according to the customer's research.
Creative Biolabs, as your CRO partner, can provide you with critical analysis by collaborating with our dedicated and experienced scientists to create valuable insights. Please contact us on how we can help you achieve your goals.
Reference
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Tang, C.; et al. Protective and ameliorating effects of probiotics against diet-induced obesity: A review. Food Research International. 2021, 147: 110490.
For Research Use Only. Not intended for use in food manufacturing or medical procedures (diagnostics or therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.
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